What does a bookkeeping service actually cover?
Sales and purchase ledgers kept current, so you know who owes you what, and what you owe. Bank reconciliation against live feeds, so your cash position is real rather than approximate. VAT records maintained to MTD standard, ready for each return. Expense and receipt capture, automated (see Finance Automation). Month-end close, so the numbers are usable.
And — the part that distinguishes a bookkeeper from a chartered firm — someone reviewing what the numbers are telling you.
How do associated companies affect my rate?
This is the most commonly missed rule in the regime, and it costs owners real money.
The £50,000 and £250,000 limits are divided by the number of associated companies under common control, plus one. With one associated company they halve to £25,000 and £125,000. With three associates, they quarter.
So a group of small companies, each individually modest, can find itself paying the main rate on profits that a standalone company would pay 19% on. If you control more than one company — including dormant or property-holding companies — this needs checking.
Do I have to keep digital records?
If you are VAT-registered, yes — MTD for VAT requires digital record-keeping and filing through compatible software, with digital links between systems. Manual copy-and-paste does not qualify.
If you are a sole trader or landlord with gross income over £50,000, MTD for Income Tax has applied since 6 April 2026, with the threshold dropping to £30,000 in 2027 and £20,000 in 2028.
Either way, the spreadsheet-and-shoebox era is over.
Is outsourcing cheaper than employing a bookkeeper?
For most small and medium businesses, yes. Outsourcing converts a salary — plus employer NI, pension, holiday cover, software licences, training and recruitment cost — into a single predictable monthly fee.
It also removes single-person risk. When your one bookkeeper resigns, is ill, or goes on holiday during your VAT quarter, an outsourced team simply continues. And a chartered firm reviews the work, which an employed bookkeeper working alone rarely has.